What Are Cat Pheromones?
Cat pheromones are chemical signals that are used by cats to communicate with each other. According to Wikipedia, “a cat pheromone is a chemical molecule, or compound, that is used by cats and other felids for communication“. These pheromones are produced in glands found around a cat’s face and base of the tail.
When a cat deposits pheromones by rubbing, scratching or spraying, other cats detect them using a special organ inside their nose called the vomeronasal organ or Jacobson’s organ. This helps them pick up on signals from other cats about territory, sexual receptiveness, recognition of group members and marking safety. There are several different types of cat pheromones that serve different communication purposes:
- Territorial pheromones – mark territory boundaries
- Sexual pheromones – advertise sexual receptiveness and attract mates
- Facial pheromones – used for individual recognition and social grouping
- Maternal pheromones – helps newborn kittens identify their mother
In summary, cat pheromones are an important chemical communication system that cats use to convey information, establish social structures, attract mates, and more.
Do Pheromone Products Work?
There are several different types of pheromone products on the market designed for cats. Some of the most popular options include diffusers, sprays, and collars. These products contain synthetic pheromones that mimic the feline facial pheromones cats deposit when they rub their faces on surfaces. The idea is that the synthetic pheromones can help provide a calming effect and relieve stress in cats.
Studies have shown that synthetic pheromones like Feliway can help reduce urine marking and scratching in cats, as well as aid in calming stressed cats. For example, one study found that a Feliway diffuser helped decrease urine marking in cats by 50% over a 4 week period 1. Another study showed Feliway helped reduce scratching and urine marking in shelter cats by providing a calming effect 2.
However, pheromone products do have some limitations. They may not work for every cat, and usually need to be used continuously for several weeks to see the full effects. Proper usage per the product instructions is important as well. Pheromones should be seen as one tool in your kit when dealing with a stressed or anxious cat, not a cure-all. They are best used alongside other calming techniques and environmental changes.
Pheromone Diffusers
Pheromone diffusers are one of the most popular types of synthetic cat pheromone products. They work by releasing synthetic pheromones that mimic natural feline pheromones into the air. The diffuser plugs into an electrical outlet and the pheromones are spread passively through evaporation. This allows the pheromones to cover a wider area compared to sprays or collars.
Some pros of pheromone diffusers are that they provide continuous, long-lasting coverage for 30 days or longer. Diffusers are easy to use – simply plug in and let the diffuser do its work. Studies have found cat pheromone diffusers can help reduce stress and anxiety in cats, and may curb unwanted behaviors like urine marking and aggression (DePorter, 2019).
Some downsides are diffusers can be more expensive than other pheromone products due to refill costs. The effects also may take 1-2 weeks to fully kick in. Diffusers only disperse pheromones in the immediate area around the plug-in, so multiple diffusers may be needed in larger homes (Molekule).
For best results, place the diffuser near areas the cat spends a lot of time like resting spots. Using the diffuser in conjunction with other calming techniques may boost effectiveness. Clean the diffuser regularly and replace refills every 30 days to maintain potency.
Pheromone Sprays
Pheromone sprays like Feliway often contain a synthetic version of the facial pheromone produced by cats. The spray is designed to have a calming effect and help relieve stress or anxiety in cats.
When sprayed, the pheromones evaporate into the air in a vapor and spread around the environment. The cat inhales the pheromones and it activates receptors in their vomeronasal organ, which influences their behavior and emotions.
Pros of pheromone sprays:
- Convenient and easy to apply directly to objects and areas of the home
- Can see effects within 30 minutes in some cats
- Relatively affordable compared to other options
Cons of pheromone sprays:
- Effects wear off quickly as the pheromones disperse, so multiple daily applications are needed
- Some cats may show little to no response
- Can be wiped off surfaces during cleaning
Tips for optimal use of pheromones sprays:
- Spray 8-10 pumps around the house on upholstery, cat beds, doorways.
- Reapply spray 2-3 times per day to maintain effectiveness.
- Spray before events that cause stress like guests, loud noises.
- Use for 2-4 weeks consistently to see improvement.
Pheromone Collars
Pheromone collars are one of the most popular cat calming products on the market. They work by emitting synthetic pheromones that mimic the feline facial pheromone Feliway. When mother cats nurse their kittens, they release this pheromone which makes kittens feel comforted and secure. Recreating this scent in a collar can have a similar soothing effect on cats by reducing stress and anxiety.
Pheromone collars are convenient, lightweight, and can last up to 30 days with continuous release of calming pheromones. Studies show they can help reduce undesirable behaviors in cats like aggression, inappropriate urination, excessive vocalization and more. The collars are non-toxic and veterinarian recommended.
Some downsides are that results vary from cat to cat, they may take a week or more to take effect, and some cats dislike wearing collars. It’s important to get the right size collar and monitor for any skin irritation. Pheromone collars work best alongside behavior training. They should be replaced monthly for continued effectiveness.
For optimal results, place the collar high on the neck near the cat’s face so they are exposed to the pheromones. Combine with increased playtime and enrichment. Use continuously for at least 30 days to see the full effects. Pheromone collars can be very beneficial for stressed cats but work best as part of a comprehensive approach to behavior modification.
Other Pheromone Products
In addition to diffusers, sprays, and collars, there are other types of pheromone products available for cats:
Pheromone wipes and gels allow you to directly apply pheromones to your cat’s coat and specific areas like their carrier or bed. Some pros are that they can provide more targeted application. However, they need to be reapplied more frequently than diffusers or sprays according to FELIWAY.
Pheromone plugins provide coverage for a single room like a plug-in air freshener. They can be useful for specific problem areas but have a more limited range than diffusers. Be sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for proper usage and coverage area.
Overall, other pheromone products can be helpful complements to diffusers or sprays, especially when you want to target a specific location. However, diffusers and sprays tend to provide the most convenient and effective options for whole-home or general use.
When to Use Pheromones
Cat pheromone products can be very helpful for reducing stress and unwanted behaviors in a variety of situations. According to PetMD, some of the top times to use pheromones include:
- Introducing a new cat to the home or another pet – Pheromones can help reduce tension and stress between resident and new cats.
- Moving to a new home – Pheromones can help create a comforting, familiar scent in a new environment.
- Traveling – Bringing pheromones in the car or carrier can make vet visits or travel less stressful.
- Anxiety/stress – Pheromones can help soothe cats in stressful situations like construction, guests, or loud noises.
- Inappropriate urination/spraying – Pheromones may curb urine marking and other unwanted behaviors.
In general, cat pheromones are a safe way to help reduce a cat’s stress levels and minimize anxious or unwanted behaviors. They are especially useful during major environmental changes or introductions of new cats. Pheromones can help make transitions easier on your cat.
Pheromone Alternatives
While pheromone products can be beneficial for some cats, there are also alternative options to try for calming anxious or stressed cats. Making changes to the cat’s environment, using behavioral training, and utilizing natural remedies can help promote relaxation without pheromones.
Environmental changes like providing vertical space and hiding areas, keeping litter boxes clean, making separate feeding areas, and minimizing loud noises can reduce stress triggers at home. Training cats with positive reinforcement helps build confidence while discouraging undesirable behaviors stemming from anxiety. Natural calming remedies like catnip, chamomile, valerian root extracts, and CBD oils rich in omega fatty acids may also relieve anxiety.
Pheromones could be used along with these alternatives for enhanced effects. But for some owners opposed to synthetic pheromones or who find them ineffective, exploring environmental, behavioral, and natural options offers alternative calming methods.
Potential Risks
While cat pheromones are generally considered safe, there are some potential risks to be aware of:
Lack of Regulation – Cat pheromones are not regulated by the FDA or EPA. This means there are no standards for the production, quality control, or effectiveness of pheromone products. Buyers need to be cautious and purchase from reputable brands.
Not a Cure-All – Pheromones should not be viewed as a miracle cure for all feline behavior problems. They may help relax cats in some situations but are not guaranteed to resolve underlying issues. Other training or environmental changes may still be needed.
Proper Expectations – Cat owners should have realistic expectations about what pheromones can and can’t do. Pheromones alone cannot solve aggression, inappropriate urination, or other serious issues. They are better suited to help mildly anxious or stressed cats.
Overall, cat pheromones carry minimal risks when used as recommended by the manufacturer. However, owners should research products carefully, follow directions, and have proper expectations. Pheromones should be one part of a larger behavior modification plan if needed.
The Bottom Line
In summary, cat pheromones like Feliway are generally considered safe and may help reduce stress for some cats by mimicking natural comforting pheromones. However, they don’t work for every cat, so results can vary. The three main pheromone product types (diffusers, sprays, collars) each have pros and cons to consider. Pheromones should never replace treating underlying medical/behavioral issues. They’re best used alongside other calming techniques like enrichment. Overall, cat pheromones are a drug-free tool that may provide additional soothing support.
For cat owners struggling with pet stress/anxiety, pheromones are usually worth trying. Start with an adjustable diffuser or spray in problem areas when needed. See if your cat responds over 1-2 weeks. If showing improvement, continue use. If not, try a different product type or adjust placement. Combining pheromones with routine/environment changes may also boost effects. Consult your vet if no benefits seen. While not guaranteed to work, Feliway and similar pheromones offer a gentle calming option to help support cat wellbeing.
In conclusion, cat pheromones aren’t a cure-all, but can provide extra comfort and relaxation for many cats. When thoughtfully used alongside other calming techniques, they offer a safe, drug-free way to help reduce feline stress and anxiety.
