Cats are known for their remarkable agility and ability to land on their feet. This has led to the popular saying that “cats always land on their feet”. But can cats actually survive falls from high places? The physics behind cats’ ability to right themselves in midair and survive large drops has fascinated scientists and cat owners alike.
While cats can withstand falls from heights that would seriously injure or kill other animals, even cats have limits. Understanding the factors that enable cats to land upright and minimize injuries can help owners prevent dangerous falls. When evaluated properly, injuries from falls out of tall windows are often treatable.
Feline Anatomy
Cats have a unique skeletal structure and musculature that allows them to twist themselves mid-air to land on their feet. Their backbone has high flexibility that enables them to arch and reflex their spine as they fall (Wikipedia). Cats also have an innate sense of balance and spatial orientation. Their vestibular apparatus gives them a sense of which way is up or down as they fall through space. Additionally, cats have more rods than cones in their eyes which allows them to see detail and movement better (Scientific American). Their muscular structure also plays a role. Cats have powerful thigh muscles that enable them to quickly twist their rear legs beneath them, and their front legs are able to rotate forward to cushion the impact of landing.
High-Rise Syndrome
High-rise syndrome refers to injuries sustained by cats falling from tall buildings, typically higher than two stories. According to a study published in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 132 cats were diagnosed with high-rise syndrome over a 5-month period (Whitney, 1987). The mean age of the cats was 2.7 years old. Over 90% of the cats had some form of severe injury, with the most common being pneumothorax (air in the pleural space), followed by fractured jaws and limbs.
Another study published in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery found even higher rates of this phenomenon, with 119 cases diagnosed over a 4-year period (Vnuk et al., 2004). Around 60% of the cats in this study were under 1 year old. The average height of the falls was 4 stories, with some cats falling from as high as 32 stories. Despite the significant heights, the overall survival rate was 90% if the cats received prompt veterinary treatment.
Factors that Increase Risk
There are several factors that can increase a cat’s risk of falling out of a window.
Open Windows
Open windows pose the greatest risk for falls. Cats are naturally curious and will explore open windows and screens. According to WebMD, falls most often happen from windows that are left open on higher floors. Screens do not provide adequate protection or fall prevention.
Screens
Screens on windows do not prevent cats from falling. Cats can easily tear through flimsy window screens with their claws. Additionally, the mesh material provides little resistance and can give way when a cat leans against it. Stronger pet screens may help reduce risk but cannot fully prevent window falls.
Height of Building
The height of a building greatly impacts the severity of injuries from a fall. According to the South Bend Tribune, cats have a remarkable ability to right themselves while falling and spread their bodies to slow descent. However, falls from higher than 2 stories result in more severe traumatic injuries.
Preventing Falls
There are several ways cat owners can prevent their cats from falling out of windows. The most effective method is installing secure window screens. According to The Cat Site, well-fitted screens can help deter cats from placing their paws on windows or attempting to squeeze through openings
Pet owners can purchase window guards designed specifically for pets, like the Winblock Cat Netting for Window or the KidCo Mesh Window Guard. These guards attach securely to windows to block potential falling hazards.
Additionally, cat owners should make it a priority to keep windows firmly closed when not present. Even small openings can pose a risk for curious cats. Opening windows only when necessary and supervising cats around open windows can significantly reduce chances of falls.
What to Do if Your Cat Falls
If your cat falls from a window or high place, the first priority is to check them carefully for injuries. According to VCA Animal Hospitals, gently pick up the cat using both hands to support the front and hind legs, and place them in a carrier to transport them (https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/first-aid-for-falls-in-cats). Look for signs of injury like bleeding, limb deformities, and abnormal breathing. Even if no external injuries are apparent, there may be internal injuries that require emergency veterinary care.
According to How Stuff Works, rush the cat to the veterinarian or emergency animal hospital right away, even if they seem okay (https://animals.howstuffworks.com/pets/how-to-treat-a-cat-that-has-fallen-off-a-highrise-building.htm). Cats are experts at hiding pain and can appear unhurt at first. Only a thorough veterinary exam including x-rays and tests can determine the extent of injuries. Immediate vet care can make the difference in recovery and avoiding lasting damage or complications.
Treatment for Injuries
Cats that experience falls can suffer from a variety of injuries depending on the height of the fall. Common injuries include fractures, bruises, cuts, and internal bleeding. The severity of the injury typically increases with the height of the fall.
Fractures often require surgery to stabilize the bones with plates, screws, or pins. Pain medication is also commonly prescribed. For less severe fractures, the vet may immobilize the limb with a splint or cast. Bruises and cuts are often treated with topical ointments and cleaning. More severe lacerations may require stitches.
Internal bleeding is a serious potential injury from high falls. Symptoms include pale gums, breathing difficulty, weakness, and collapse. Surgery may be required to stop internal bleeding. Hospitalization, IV fluids, blood transfusions, and oxygen therapy are often necessary.
Recovery times can range from weeks to months depending on the severity of the injuries. Strict crate rest is often prescribed to allow bones to heal properly. Follow-up vet appointments are crucial to monitor recovery status.
According to the ASPCA (https://www.aspcapetinsurance.com/resources/high-rise-syndrome-in-cats/), the prognosis is generally good for cats that receive prompt veterinary treatment after a fall. However, recovery can be a long process. With appropriate care, most cats make a full recovery.
Recovery Process
The recovery process for a cat that has fallen can vary greatly depending on the severity of injuries. Minor soft tissue injuries may heal within a few weeks with rest, while more serious internal injuries or fractures can require months of recovery. According to VCA Animal Hospitals, the recovery period for severe injuries is often measured in months rather than weeks or days.1
You can help your cat recover by providing a safe, confined space like a crate or small room where they can rest and avoid further injury. Soft bedding, food and water within easy reach, and medication as prescribed by your vet will assist the healing process. Limit activity like climbing, jumping, or rough play that could aggravate injuries. Monitor your cat for any changes in behavior or worsening of symptoms, and follow up with the vet as needed. Be patient, as recovery takes time. With proper treatment and care, most cats make a full recovery.
Outcomes and Prognosis
Studies indicate that about 90% of cats survive falls from high-rise buildings when brought to a veterinarian for treatment. According to High-rise syndrome, survival rates are high even from significant heights—in one study, cats who fell between 2-32 stories had a 90% survival rate.
However, just because a cat can survive a fall does not mean they will escape uninjured. The likelihood of severe injuries increases with the number of stories fallen. Cats who fall from taller heights are more likely to experience organ damage, fractures, head trauma, or abdominal injuries that need intensive medical treatment. Full recovery can take weeks to months depending on the injuries sustained.
With proper first aid and urgent veterinary care, many cats can recover well from fall injuries over time. However, some may experience long-term effects like limping, stiffness, or balance issues. Overall the prognosis is often good if the injuries can be properly treated, but prevention is critical as the risks are high for cats in high-rise homes.
Conclusion
Cats can and do fall out of high rise windows, though with proper precautions most falls can be prevented. Cats are natural acrobats, but high falls do lead to injuries. A condition known as high-rise syndrome is well documented for injuries and deaths of cats falling from heights greater than 4-5 stories. Risk factors include windows without ledges or screens, inquisitive young cats, and windows left open unintentionally. The best prevention is to install window screens, add ledges or shelves, or restrict access to high windows. If a cat does fall, emergency care is crucial to treat injuries and give the cat the best chance at recovery. With quick veterinary treatment, many cats survive high-rise falls. By understanding the dangers and taking preventative measures, cat owners can best protect their curious felines.
High-rise falls can be distressing, but educating oneself on prevention and responding immediately in an emergency can save cats’ lives. Protecting cats from window falls ensures their safety and longevity as members of the family.