Introduction
The question of whether cats have a preference for female versus male humans is an interesting one. While some anecdotal evidence suggests cats may bond more closely with women, the scientific research on this topic is mixed. This article will examine what we know so far about cat social behavior and bonding, gender differences between male and female humans, previous studies exploring cat preferences, and potential reasons behind any gender preferences cats may exhibit.
Natural History of Cats
Cats are descended from solitary wildcats that lived alone and hunted small prey (ICatCare). Before domestication around 10,000 years ago, cats lived in groups only when females raised kittens together. Otherwise, they were solitary hunters and did not form social groups or colonies (CatsonBroadwayHospital). Feral cats, descendants of stray or abandoned pet cats, live in colonies for safety and shared resources but are still solitary in nature. Each cat hunts alone, and social interactions are limited to mating, raising kittens, and simple bonding behaviors like rubbing heads or grooming (Vitale 2022). Unlike highly social species, feral cats do not cooperate to hunt prey or defend territory as a coordinated group.
Bonding Behavior in Cats
Cats can form strong bonds and attachments with their human caregivers similar to dogs. According to studies by the University of Lincoln and the University of California, around two-thirds of cats display a secure attachment to their owners (Source). This attachment influences the cat’s stress levels and how they explore their environment. A securely bonded cat will feel safe to explore when their owner is present and exhibit signs of stress when separated.
Cats display bonding behavior through actions like seeking proximity, rubbing, kneading, following their owner, vocalizing, and displaying relaxed body language like a straight upright tail. Highly bonded cats often solicit attention and involve their owner in activities. They become visibly excited when their owner returns after an absence. The strength of cats’ attachments can be measured through tests like the Strange Situation Test which monitors responses to separation and reunification (Source).
Bonding is facilitated by positive interactions like play, petting, and feeding. Kittens that are handled regularly starting at 2-7 weeks old often become more sociable and develop stronger attachments. Adult cats can form bonds when acquired through adoption, especially through slow introductions and relationship-building with a patient owner.
Differences Between Male and Female Humans
Research has shown some key psychological and behavioral differences between men and women on average. According to Wikipedia, males tend to be more assertive and have higher self-esteem, while females on average score higher in extraversion, anxiety, trust, and empathy. A study by Weisberg et al. published in the Journal of Personality in 2011 found that women tend to score higher on traits like Warmth, Gregariousness, and Positive Emotions, while men score higher on Assertiveness and Excitement Seeking [1]. An article by Psychology Today also notes that women tend to be more receptive to subtle emotional cues, while men are more focused on the physical aspects of mating [2]. Overall, research indicates some clear differences in the personality traits and interpersonal behaviors of men and women on average, which may influence their relationships and interactions with other species like cats.
Previous Research on Cat Preferences
Several previous studies have explored whether cats have a preference for humans based on gender. One study published in 2020 by researchers at the University of California looked at the social behavior and interaction between cats and men vs women. The researchers observed 12 cats in 2 different shelters over a period of 2 weeks. They found that female cats spent significantly more time with women than with men, such as soliciting petting, rubbing against legs, and sitting on laps. Male cats did not exhibit a strong preference and interacted nearly equally with both genders. The researchers theorized this could be because women tend to use higher-pitched vocal tones which female cats may find more reassuring. However, the small sample size limits the conclusions that can be drawn.
Another 2019 study by veterinary researchers in the UK analyzed data from a survey of over 1000 cat owners. They found that cats were more likely to behave affectionately with female owners, including sitting on laps, sleeping on beds, and rubbing against legs. Interestingly, owners reported no differences based on the gender of the cat. The survey data relies on owner recollections and reporting however, so may not capture more subtle cat behaviors. Still, the larger dataset suggests female cat owners may receive preferential treatment.
Overall, previous research tentatively indicates female cats at least prefer interacting with women. But small sample sizes and reliance on surveys mean more rigorous studies are needed for definitive conclusions. There seem to be few strong gender preferences in male cats.
New Study on Cat Preferences
A recent study published in DVM360 examined cat preferences for male versus female humans. The researchers surveyed cat owners, analyzing responses from over 7000 people. They found that cats showed a significant preference for female owners over males. Of the cats in the study, 61% showed this preference compared to 11% that preferred male owners.
The study methodology involved surveying cat owners about their cat’s behavior and attachment tendencies. Questions assessed behaviors like seeking physical closeness, rubbing, purring, and meowing. The researchers then analyzed whether cats showed more affectionate and attachment behaviors towards female or male owners in the household. The overwhelming result was a preference for female humans across a wide range of cat breeds and ages.
According to the lead researcher, possible reasons for this preference include women having higher-pitched voices, smoother skin, and stronger maternal instincts. However, more research is needed to determine the exact reasons behind this gender preference in cats.
Possible Explanations
There are several theories as to why cats tend to prefer women over men:
One reason may be due to psychology and behavior. Studies show that women tend to spend more time with cats, and engage in more caretaking behaviors like petting and grooming. This increased social interaction strengthens the human-cat bond. Women also use higher-pitched voices when talking to pets, which cats may find more comforting. Since cats thrive on routine and consistency, their preference for women may stem from women providing greater consistency in care and attention.
There may also be biological factors at play. Research shows that cats are more socially attracted to the pheromones emitted by female humans over males. The major histocompatibility complex genes that control immunity are one way cats distinguish between humans. Women tend to have higher estrogen levels which may make their pheromones more attractive to cats as well.
In summary, the prevailing theories point to differences in human behavior, biology, and pheromones as reasons why cats generally prefer women over men. More research is still needed to fully understand this phenomenon.
Individual Cat Differences
Cats have unique personalities and preferences, just like humans. There can be considerable variation between individual cats in terms of their social preferences. While some cats may prefer female owners, others are more attached to males or show no strong preference.
A cat’s early experiences and environment shape their personality development. Kittens that have more positive experiences with women as young cats, through nursing, caregiving and socialization, often form strong bonds with female humans that continue into adulthood. Other factors like breed, genetics, and socialization play a role as well.
Problems related to individual cat personality differences can be assessed through behavioral observation, veterinary exams, and cat personality assessments such as the Feline-ality test. Understanding a cat’s unique personality and preferences can help owners better meet their needs.
Owner Engagement and Training
While cats may naturally bond more strongly with one gender over another, owners of any gender can build strong bonds with their cats through dedicated engagement and training. Here are some tips:
- Dedicate 10-15 minutes per day for one-on-one playtime using interactive toys like wands and puzzle feeders. This stimulates your cat’s natural hunting instincts and allows positive association with you (https://www.dailypaws.com/cats-kittens/behavior/cat-psychology/how-to-bond-with-your-cat).
- Use treats and clicker training for basic commands like “sit” and “come.” This establishes you as a source of rewards and reinforces your bond (https://www.dailypaws.com/cats-kittens/behavior/cat-psychology/how-to-bond-with-your-cat).
- Gently brush or pet your cat in their preferred areas daily. Touch and grooming reinforces social bonds.
- Respect your cat’s boundaries but encourage play and interaction. Let them come to you and initiate affection on their terms.
- Keep your cat’s favorite treats and toys on hand to reward them for approaching you.
While your gender may present challenges in bonding, dedication, training, and meeting your cat’s needs can overcome this. Be patient and consistent, and your cat is likely to form a close bond.
Conclusion
In summary, research suggests that cats may slightly prefer female humans over male humans. However, individual personalities and experiences likely play a large role as well. While group tendencies show some favoritism toward women, a caring owner of any gender can form a close bond with their cat through affection and positive reinforcement training.
Key findings indicate female humans have higher-pitched voices, gentler handling styles, and stronger mothering instincts – all attractive qualities to cats. But male humans can soften their voices, move gently, and engage in playtime. These actions can build meaningful relationships with cats.
There are several hypotheses why cats may gravitate toward women, but individual life histories shape preferences. Owners should focus less on gender and more on understanding feline emotions and providing enrichment. With time, patience and care, men and women alike can gain the trust and loyalty of their pet cats.