The Link Between Neutering and Obesity in Cats
An estimated 80-90% of owned cats in the United States are spayed or neutered, according to studies by Alley Cat Allies and other organizations (https://www.alleycat.org/resources/new-scientific-study-finds-vast-majority-of-pet-cats-are-neutered/). While neutering provides major health and behavioral benefits, it may also increase the risk of obesity. This is an important issue, as nearly 60% of cats in the US are considered overweight or obese. In this article, we’ll examine the link between neutering and weight gain and provide tips for keeping your cat fit and healthy.
What is Neutering?
Neutering is the surgical procedure of removing the reproductive organs in cats. For female cats, this procedure is specifically called “spaying” and involves removing the ovaries and uterus. According to the VCA Animal Hospitals, spaying is performed through a small incision made midway between the cat’s navel and tail (source).
The typical age for spaying a female cat is around 6 months, before she reaches sexual maturity. However, some veterinarians may recommend waiting until a cat is 10-12 months old if she is a larger breed that matures more slowly. Spaying at an early age prevents unintended pregnancies and reduces the chances of certain cancers later in life.
Why Neutering is Recommended
Neutering is highly recommended for most pet cats for several important reasons related to health, behavior, and population control. According to Hill’s Pet Nutrition, neutering helps prevent certain cancers and infections in cats. In males, neutering reduces the risk of testicular cancer and prostate disease. In females, neutering prevents ovarian cancer and uterine infections. Neutering also reduces roaming and mating behaviors in male and female cats. Unneutered male cats are more likely to roam, fight with other cats, and spray urine to mark their territory. Unneutered females cats go into heat frequently and attract unneutered males. Neutering eliminates these behaviors and reduces risks to the cat. Additionally, neutering prevents unwanted litters of kittens. Millions of unwanted cats end up in shelters every year, and neutering is a responsible way to control the cat population.
The Neutering and Obesity Link
Several studies have found a correlation between neutering and weight gain in cats. One 2017 study published in the Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition found that cats gained significant body weight and fat mass within 8-12 weeks after being neutered when fed ad libitum (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5468748/).
Male and female cats are both prone to weight gain after neutering, though some studies have found slightly greater weight gain in females. One reason is that female cats no longer go through estrus cycles after being spayed, which burn extra calories.
There are several reasons for the tendency of weight gain after neutering. The surgery causes a decrease in metabolic rate, so cats need less energy but their appetite often increases or remains the same. The hormonal changes also slow down metabolism. Cats become less active after neutering as well. Together, these factors can lead to rapid weight gain if owners don’t adjust their cat’s diet and lifestyle (https://www.versele-laga.com/en/gb/for-your-animal/cats/care/how-do-you-protect-your-cat-from-weight-gain).
Diet and Lifestyle Changes
One of the most important things you can do to prevent weight gain after neutering is to regulate your cat’s food intake and calories.[1] Immediately reducing food intake by 25-30% after the procedure can help offset their slower metabolism.[2] Providing a high protein, low calorie cat food formulated for sterilized cats can also help them feel full while consuming fewer calories.[3]
Increasing exercise through play and enrichment is also essential. Try to engage your cat in active play like chasing toys or playing fetch for at least 10-15 minutes twice a day.[1] Providing puzzle feeders, cat trees, scratching posts and other forms of environmental enrichment can also encourage more movement and activity throughout the day.
Make mealtimes more enriching by feeding smaller portions from puzzle toys rather than a bowl. Hiding kibble around the house for your cat to “hunt” can also promote activity between meals.[4] The key is keeping your cat moving and stimulating their predatory instincts to prevent obesity after neutering.
Health Risks of Obesity
Obesity creates serious health risks for cats. According to the VCA Animal Hospitals, overweight and obese cats are at increased risk for diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, liver disease, osteoarthritis, and certain types of cancer (https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/obesity-in-cats).
The extra weight puts stress on the joints and bones, often leading to arthritis and difficulty moving around. Obese cats may struggle with grooming and cleaning their coats properly. PetMD reports that being overweight shortens a cat’s lifespan by 2-3 years on average (https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/digestive/c_ct_obesity).
Diabetes is a major concern for obese cats. The disease can be difficult to manage and reduces quality of life. According to the VCA, diabetes was unheard of in cats until the rise of the obesity epidemic. Now it affects many pet cats.
Excess weight also puts strain on the heart and cardiovascular system. It increases the risk of heart disease, which can be fatal. Breathing issues and respiratory distress may occur as obesity makes the chest cavity smaller.
Overall, maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for cats to live long, comfortable lives. Obesity poses serious dangers that pet owners should be aware of and work to prevent through proper diet and exercise.
Working with Your Vet
It’s important to discuss any concerns about potential weight gain with your vet beforehand when considering neutering your female cat. Some vets may recommend delaying neutering until your cat is fully grown to help minimize obesity risk (Allaway, 2017). Your vet can advise you on the right age for neutering based on your cat’s health and breed.
After the neutering procedure, schedule regular weigh-ins and check-ups with your vet. They can help monitor your cat’s weight and create a customized weight management plan if needed. This may involve tailoring your cat’s diet, exercise routine, and portion sizes to maintain a healthy weight (Veterinary Practice, 2016).
Don’t be afraid to discuss obesity concerns with your vet. With a proactive wellness plan, regular weigh-ins, and any necessary diet and lifestyle adjustments, you can work together to keep your female cat at a healthy weight after neutering.
Making Adjustments at Home
There are some adjustments you can make at home to help prevent weight gain after neutering:
Start managing your cat’s diet with portion control and scheduled feedings, such as feeding set amounts 2-3 times a day instead of free access to food. Monitor your cat’s weight changes and adjust portions as needed.
Provide more play time and exercise for your cat to encourage more activity. Increase daily interactive playtime with toys that make your cat run and jump. Set up cat trees, tunnels, and scratching posts to inspire movement and climbing.
Cat-proof areas of your home to promote an active lifestyle. Use baby gates to block off areas and encourage exploring other spaces. Provide puzzle toys and food dispensers that require effort to get treats and kibble. Rotate toys to keep your cat engaged and entertained.
(Source 1)
Maintaining a Healthy Weight
While neutering provides important health and behavioral benefits, it can also increase the risk of obesity if proper precautions aren’t taken. The key is finding the right balance to ensure your cat lives a long and healthy life. With a commitment to your cat’s health and happiness, weight gain can be minimized through diligent care and attention.
Consult with your veterinarian to determine the optimal diet and feeding schedule for your neutered cat. Ongoing weight checks and adjustments to food amounts can help keep your cat at a healthy weight. Create a feeding routine and stick to it by avoiding giving extra treats or table scraps.
Along with diet, daily exercise and playtime are vital. Interactive toys and activities get your cat moving and burning extra calories. Monitor behavior changes after neutering as decreased roaming or territorial patrolling can reduce a cat’s natural activity. Supplement their exercise as needed.
While neutering may slightly increase appetite and lower energy levels, the procedure’s lifelong benefits far outweigh temporary weight gain risks. With vigilant care and attention from pet owners, cats can maintain a healthy weight and live long, enriched lives after neutering.
Conclusion
As we’ve discussed, there is some evidence that neutering can lead to an increased risk of obesity in cats. However, with proper nutrition, exercise and veterinary care, it is possible for a neutered cat to maintain a healthy weight and live an active, enriched life.
Neutering provides major health and behavioral benefits and remains an important part of responsible pet ownership. While the potential for weight gain should be considered, it is manageable with adjustments to diet and lifestyle. Do not let concerns over obesity deter you from providing this procedure for your cat’s overall wellbeing.
With vigilance from you and guidance from your veterinarian, it is certainly possible for a neutered cat to stay fit and thrive. Monitor your cat’s weight routinely, feed an appropriate diet, ensure they get daily activity and playtime, and work closely with your vet. Together you can maintain your feline friend’s optimal health and welfare.