Introduction
House cats have a complex relationship with water that depends on the context. Some like water for drinking and grooming but most dislike being immersed in water. Cats’ aversion to water likely stems from their ancestry as desert-dwelling felines. Though water was scarce in their native habitats, modern house cats have largely overcome their instinctive wariness thanks to owners providing fresh water bowls. When it comes to bathing and swimming, individual preferences vary. While some cats tolerate or even enjoy interactions with water, most remain wary of full immersion. Understanding cats’ nuanced connection to water can help owners support their health and happiness.
Natural History
Cats originated as desert animals in the Near East around 7500 BC, where water was scarce. Their wild ancestors, such as the African wildcat, developed an ability to survive on very little water and conserve it efficiently within their bodies. This allowed cats to thrive in arid environments where most mammals could not. According to research, cats’ low thirst drive and effective kidneys enable them to subsist on as little as 1 ounce of water per pound of body weight per day, compared to up to 8 ounces for a dog.
Drinking Water
Cats need fresh, clean water available to them at all times. Unlike dogs, cats do not lap up water with their tongues like a spoon. Instead, they use the tip of their tongue to quickly lap the surface of the water. This creates a water column that is quickly drawn into their mouth. According to the Cat’s Protection Association, “The tip of their tongue actually touches the water surface just as their bottom jaw makes contact with the water, then their tongue pulls up forcing the water upward”[1]. This allows cats to drink water rapidly.
Having fresh water available is critically important for cats. Dehydration is a serious risk for cats that do not get enough water daily. Cats that are reluctant to drink water may benefit from having multiple water bowls placed around your home, a cat fountain, or adding a bit of tuna water or low-sodium chicken broth to their water to increase palatability.
Grooming
Cats are known for being fastidious groomers. They regularly lick their coats not only to remove dirt but also to distribute natural oils over their fur and skin for conditioning using their rough tongue papillae and saliva. This frequent self-grooming helps cats maintain clean coats, though some enjoy and even prefer occasional water bathing to augment their self-cleaning.
Using their scratchy tongue, cats are able to lick most of their body, including the head and neck area. Their saliva contains enzymes that break down dirt and oils on the fur. Cats may spend a large portion of their waking hours grooming, sometimes upwards of 25%, which shows how dedicated they are to keeping clean.
While self-grooming is typically sufficient, some cats enjoy or even prefer water bathing on occasion. The moisture can help loosen shedding fur and may feel pleasurable for cats that like water play. As long as proper cat shampoo is used and care is taken not to get water in their ears, many cats can grow to enjoy the extra cleansing and bonding time water bathing provides.
Swimming
Most cats strongly dislike swimming and will avoid water. Their fur does not provide much insulation when wet, so cats can easily become chilled if immersed in water (source). However, some breeds like the Turkish Van actually enjoy swimming and will voluntarily enter water. Turkish Vans have a partially waterproof coat that provides protection when wet. While most cats will swim if necessary to escape danger, they do not have the instincts or build to be efficient swimmers. Their fur weighs them down and their narrow paws are not conducive to propulsion in water (source). Prolonged swimming will quickly exhaust a typical house cat.
Bathing
Most cats do not enjoy baths and many will try to avoid or resist water. However, periodic bathing may be necessary to manage issues like fleas, skin conditions, or especially dirty or messy fur. Proper bathing technique can help make the experience less stressful for cats.
It’s important to bathe cats gently and patiently. The ASPCA recommends trimming nails first to avoid scratches, using lukewarm water, avoiding getting water in the ears and eyes, massaging shampoo carefully into the fur rather than pouring it directly on, rinsing thoroughly, and rewarding with treats afterwards [1]. Starting baths when cats are young kittens can help get them used to the process. Speaking calmly, using reassuring touches, and going slowly can help anxious cats feel more comfortable.
While not all cats will learn to accept baths, proper technique makes the experience less frightening. With patience and care, bath time can become less of an ordeal for both cats and their owners.
Health Benefits
Drinking adequate amounts of water is important for a cat’s health and wellbeing. Water supports several vital bodily functions.
First, water helps to flush toxins from the kidneys and prevent potentially dangerous buildups that can lead to kidney disease. The kidneys require sufficient hydration to function properly and filter waste from the bloodstream. Dehydration stresses the kidneys and can cause acute kidney failure if severe. Providing fresh, clean water at all times allows cats to stay optimally hydrated (Source).
Second, water aids digestion and prevents constipation. Water softens and adds bulk to the stool, making it easier to pass. Constipation is uncomfortable for cats and can progress to obstipation, a dangerous blockage requiring veterinary intervention. Sufficient hydration keeps the digestive tract functioning smoothly.
Finally, water helps to dilute the urine and prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Concentrated urine allows bacteria to thrive, while dilute urine flushes bacteria out. UTIs are a common problem for cats, especially males who have narrow urethras. Providing ample water access reduces UTI risk (Source).
Safety
When introducing cats to water, safety should always be a top priority. The water temperature is especially important – it should be comfortably warm but not hot. Cats have sensitive skin that can easily be burned or damaged by water that is too hot. A good rule of thumb is to test the water with your hand or elbow before placing your cat in it – it should feel slightly warm but not uncomfortable.
It’s also crucial to never force a cat into water if they are afraid. Forcing or throwing a cat into water will only make them more fearful and less likely to enjoy water activities in the future. The key is to go at the cat’s own pace, letting them investigate and get used to the water through play or food motivation. With patience and positive reinforcement, many cats can overcome fear of water and learn to enjoy baths or swimming. However, respecting their boundaries and not pushing too far too fast is essential.
With proper precautions, water play can be fun and enriching for cats. But safety should always come first to avoid stress, injury or trauma. Check water temperatures, provide secure footing, go at the cat’s pace, and never force or restrain cats around water. With time, treats and praise, baths and swimming can become positive experiences that strengthen the human-feline bond.
Individual Preferences
Personality plays a role in determining whether a cat enjoys water or not. Some cats are naturally more adventurous and curious, while others are more timid. Adventurous cats may be more inclined to explore water and develop a liking for it. Timid cats may be fearful of anything new or unfamiliar, including water.
A cat’s experiences also shape their attitude towards water. Kittens introduced to water bowls, fountains, or baths in a calm, positive manner are more likely to accept water as a normal part of their environment. Traumatic experiences like nearly drowning or being forced into water can make a cat fearful of water for life. However, positive reinforcement with treats, toys, and praise can sometimes help timid cats overcome bad experiences.
According to studies referenced in this PetMD article, less than 10% of cats learn to enjoy submerging themselves in water later in life if they did not do so as kittens. So early exposure and training is key for creating water-loving cats. But some cats may never enjoy water due to their innate personality preferences.
Conclusion
When it comes to cats and water, there are a few key takeaways:
– While not all cats enjoy getting wet, many do enjoy drinking fresh, clean water and grooming themselves.
– Cats can benefit from swimming and bathing in terms of health, hygiene and bonding with their human caretakers.
– Individual preferences play a big role. Some cats love splashing in water while others prefer to stay dry. It depends on the cat’s unique personality.
– Safety precautions should be taken around water, like never forcing a cat into water or leaving one unsupervised near pools or baths.
– Overall, cats have a complex relationship with water that traces back to their evolutionary roots. With patience and care, many cats can learn to accept or even enjoy gentle interaction with water.