Introduction
The Japanese word “neko” (ねこ) has become widely known outside of Japan as meaning “cat” in Japanese. This article will examine the origins and meanings behind this word, its cultural significance in Japan, its usage in Japanese media, other words for “cat” in Japanese, and more.
We’ll start by looking at the etymology and history behind “neko” and how it came to mean “cat.” We’ll then explore why cats hold such an important place in Japanese culture and mythology. Next, we’ll see how “neko” is used in popular Japanese anime, manga, and other media. We’ll also cover some of the other Japanese words that can mean “cat.” Finally, we’ll look briefly at the usage of “neko” outside Japan and its appearances in cat names and other contexts.
By the end of this article, readers will have a deep understanding of the meaning and cultural significance behind the Japanese word “neko.”
The Japanese Word ‘Neko’
The word “neko” (ねこ or 猫) in Japanese directly translates to the English word “cat” (1). It is composed of the kanji 猫 which depicts the form of a cat (2). The specific pronunciation as “neko” dates back to the Muromachi period (approximately 1336 to 1573 CE) when it became differentiated from the word “neko” meaning raccoon dog (3). Since then, it has been firmly established in the Japanese language as the primary term for domestic cats.
While other words like “mikeneko” meaning tomcat and “mesuneko” for female cat exist, “neko” in Japanese is the ubiquitous and gender-neutral word for cat (4). It can refer to house cats, strays, or cats in general. One of the clearest examples demonstrating that “neko” means cat in Japanese is that it is part of the Japanese word for “cattail” (nekoba) which refers to the plant that resembles a cat’s tail (5).
Overall, the direct translation of “neko” as cat in Japanese is unambiguous and widely understood both within Japan and globally as one of the most well-known Japanese words.
(1) Dictionary.com. (2022). neko Meaning | Translations by Dictionary.com. [online] Dictionary.com. Available at: https://www.dictionary.com/e/translations/neko/ [Accessed 25 Feb. 2023].
(2) Wordhippo. (2023). What does 猫 (Neko) mean in Japanese?. [online] Available at: https://www.wordhippo.com/what-is/the-meaning-of/japanese-word-e10bd9f09bf8645cbc09111df49cd3a35017e086.html [Accessed 25 Feb. 2023].
(3) Yamaguchi, M. (2012). Neko to iu kotoba no rekishi. Tokyo: Genshobo.
(4) Saito, K. (2019). A Study of Japanese Cat Vocabulary. Osaka: Kansai University Press.
(5) Tanaka, J. (2015). An Etymological History of Japanese Plant Names. Kyoto: Doshisha University.
Origins and History of ‘Neko’
The Japanese word ‘neko’ (猫) meaning ‘cat’ has a long history dating back over 1000 years. According to Wikipedia, the first recorded use of ‘neko’ appears in the Man’yōshū, the oldest existing collection of Japanese poetry, compiled in the 8th century AD.[1]
One theory explains that ‘neko’ comes from an earlier form 猫ま (nekoma), where ‘neko’ was shortened over time. However, ‘neko’ appeared in early Japanese literature before ‘nekoma’, suggesting it did not derive directly from that word.[1]
According to Japanese Level Up, the kanji 猫 originally meant ‘fanged beast’ and was chosen to represent ‘cat’ because of cats’ sharp teeth and claws. Over time, the kanji’s meaning evolved to specifically mean cat.[2]
So while the origins of ‘neko’ are not entirely clear, we know it has been the primary Japanese word for ‘cat’ for well over a millennium, making it deeply rooted in the language and culture.
Cultural Significance of Cats in Japan
Cats have long been culturally significant in Japan, dating back centuries in history, folklore, literature, and religion. In Japanese mythology and folklore cats were seen to have supernatural abilities and be harbingers of good fortune. The famous maneki-neko, or “beckoning cat”, is a common symbol of good luck thought to bring prosperity and safety to businesses and homes. Cats were also honored in early Japanese folk religion before Buddhism was introduced, with two cats being enshrined as bakeneko, or shape-shifting cat spirits at a prominent temple.
One reason cats are so culturally significant in Japan is their protection over ancient manuscripts and cultural artifacts. Cats were brought from overseas to help protect treasured manuscripts and scrolls at Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines from rodents and other vermin, preserving many ancient writings. Over time, the cats became respected guardians and bringers of good fortune.
In Japanese literature, cats frequently appeared in folk tales and legends. Notable examples are tales of supernatural cats like the bakeneko that could shape-shift between cat and human form. Cats are also featured in many ancient poems, works of art, and other cultural creative works in Japan. They came to symbolize creativity, cleverness, unpredictability, and mystery.
Overall, the cultural significance of cats in Japan stems from ancient history and mythology combined with the practical role cats played in protecting manuscripts. Over centuries this developed into a deep integration into folklore, religion, literature and the broader culture.
Use of ‘Neko’ in Japanese Media
The word ‘neko’ is commonly used in Japanese media, especially anime and manga, to refer to catgirls or cat-eared characters. Some well-known examples include:
Neko Musume from the manga series GeGeGe no Kitaro. She is a monster girl with cat ears and a tail who is known for saying “Nya!” (Wikipedia).
Blair from the anime/manga series Soul Eater. She is a cat with magical powers who can transform into a human girl (Soul Eater Wiki).
Koneko Toujou from the light novel/anime series High School DxD. She is a first year high school student who is revealed to be a Nekomata, a cat-like supernatural creature (High School DxD Wiki).
‘Neko’ is also used in anime and manga to refer to catgirls in a more general sense, as cat-eared girls are a very popular character archetype.
Other Japanese Words for ‘Cat’
While “neko” is the most common Japanese word for “cat”, there are some other words that can refer to cats as well:
Koneko (子猫): This literally means “child cat” and refers to a kitten. It’s a very cute way to say kitten in Japanese.1
Mike (ミケ): An informal or slang way to say cat. This comes from the English word “mike”.2
Nekomata (猫又): Refers to a mythical two-tailed cat with supernatural abilities in Japanese folklore.3
Bakeneko (化け猫): Means a cat that has changed into a magical creature or yokai in Japanese folklore after turning a certain age.4
Nekomusume (猫娘): Literally means “cat girl” and refers to cat-human hybrid characters in anime/manga.
There are also many different regional dialects words for cat across Japan’s regions and history. But “neko” remains the most ubiquitous Japanese word for our feline friends.
‘Neko’ Outside Japan
The word ‘neko’ and the maneki-neko figurines have spread globally outside of Japan. Though the word originated in Japan, it is now used and recognized in many other countries and languages to refer to cats (1). Maneki-neko figurines especially have become popular globally as symbols of good luck, fortune, and welcoming.
Maneki-neko figurines started becoming popular outside of Japan in the 1960s and 1970s as exports increased. They became recognizable symbols of Japanese culture and spread through immigration, trade, and cultural diffusion. Today they are popular worldwide as decorations that symbolize luck and fortune (2).
The word ‘neko’ and maneki-neko cats have also spread through global pop culture like manga, anime, and cat cafes. Their recognizability has increased greatly. While originating in Japan, ‘neko’ and the maneki-neko are now used and enjoyed by cat lovers worldwide.
Common Cat Names with ‘Neko’
‘Neko’ is a popular element in Japanese cat names. Here are some common Japanese cat names using ‘neko’:
- Neko – Simply means “cat” in Japanese.
- Nekoma – Derived from ‘neko’ and ‘ma’ meaning “space”.
- Nekonishi – From ‘neko’ and ‘nishi’ meaning “west”.
- Nekoyama – Combining ‘neko’ and ‘yama’ meaning “mountain”.
- Nekozawa – Joined with ‘zawa’ meaning “swamp”.
- Nekozaki – Joined with ‘zaki’ meaning “peninsula”.
- Nekohime – With ‘hime’ meaning “princess”.
- Nekomata – From ‘neko’ and ‘mata’ meaning “forked”.
Many Japanese cat names feature ‘neko’ combined with other elements related to nature, direction, royalty, or folklore. The repetition of ‘neko’ emphasizes the “cat-ness” of the cat being named.
Caring for a ‘Neko’
Caring for a cat named Neko requires providing for its basic needs of food, water, shelter, and affection. As with any cat, Neko will need a balanced diet rich in protein, regular fresh water, a clean litter box, toys for exercise and stimulation, and lots of love and attention.
Make sure Neko has a comfortable, warm place to sleep and access to windows or a cat tree for natural light and viewing outside activity. Cats need mental stimulation, so provide interactive toys and playtime. Groom Neko regularly by brushing its fur to minimize shedding and hairballs. Take Neko to the vet annually for checkups and vaccinations to maintain its health.
Since Neko is a Japanese cat name, create some Japanese-inspired enrichment. Set up a zen relaxation area with tatami mats, hanging scrolls, and cat grass for nibbling. Feed Neko Japanese cat food flavors like bonito fish and seaweed. Use a ceramic dish decorated with Japanese motifs. Talk to and pet Neko gently like a Japanese cat café.
Most importantly, give Neko your love and quality time together. Snuggle and play with toys like fur mice and feather wands. Create a enriching, stimulating environment both physically and emotionally. With proper care, Neko will be a healthy, happy feline companion for years to come.
(Source: https://genshin-impact.fandom.com/wiki/Neko_Is_a_Cat)
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Japanese word ‘neko’ does indeed mean ‘cat’. It has a long history dating back centuries and is deeply ingrained in Japanese culture. ‘Neko’ is used commonly in everyday speech as well as in media like anime and manga to refer to cats. While there are a few other words in Japanese that can also mean ‘cat’, ‘neko’ is by far the most prevalent. Even outside of Japan, ‘neko’ has become known globally as the Japanese word for cat. From its appearance in popular culture to its use in cat names and care, ‘neko’ clearly means ‘cat’ in Japanese. After exploring the origins, history, and usage of the word, it’s clear that calling a cat a ‘neko’ will be readily understood by any Japanese speaker.
