What is Catnip?
Catnip is a herb from the mint family and Nepeta cataria is the botanical name. It’s an attractive perennial herb with grayish green leaves and flowers. The active chemical compound that causes the response in cats is called nepetalactone. When cats smell or eat catnip, the nepetalactone binds to receptors in their brain that can make them feel relaxed, playful, and even sedate[1].
Catnip contains terpenoids that mimic feline “happy” pheromones. When cats experience this scent, they may rub their head against the catnip, meow, roll around, and exhibit other signs of enjoyment[2].
Not all cats react to catnip. Kittens under six months old typically do not respond. But in adult cats that do respond, catnip will cause most to play more, vocalize, or roll on the floor.
The effects of catnip last around 5-15 minutes before wearing off. Afterwards, cats need to wait about an hour before catnip will have an effect again[1].
[1] https://www.petmd.com/cat/general-health/what-is-catnip
[2] https://www.humanesociety.org/resources/crazy-catnip
Is Catnip Safe for Cats?
Catnip is generally considered safe for cats when used in moderation. The herb has a drug-like effect on cats that is caused by an organic compound called nepetalactone. When cats smell or eat catnip, the nepetalactone binds to receptors in their brain and causes a temporary euphoric effect. Though strange, this catnip reaction is completely harmless.
Catnip does not present any serious health risks for cats. According to veterinarians, the worst side effects of catnip are typically increased energy and minor aggression. These effects wear off within 5-15 minutes. While catnip is safe, you should still moderate your cat’s access to avoid overstimulation. Do not force them to eat or smell catnip if they show no interest.
Some key points on catnip safety:
- Non-toxic for cats
- May cause hyperactivity or aggression in the short-term
- Effects wear off quickly
- Safe in moderation
- Don’t force it on cats who show no interest
In summary, catnip is considered very safe for feline consumption and reactions. But it should still be used responsibly to avoid overstimulating your cat.
Using Catnip Safely
Catnip, also known as catmint, can provide cats with enjoyable stimulation. However, it should be given in moderation as an occasional treat. According to WebMD, catnip is considered possibly safe for most adults when consumed in small amounts.
If your cat has never had catnip before, introduce it slowly to monitor their reaction. Provide toys or other outlets for your cat’s activity after giving them catnip. This herb can cause bursts of energy and playfulness. Having toys available allows your cat to release this energy in a positive way.
Pay attention to how much catnip your cat can handle. According to Pet Care RX, overexposure may lead to diarrhea or vomiting. Adjust the amount you give based on your cat’s response. Some cats may only need a small pinch, while others can handle more.
By using catnip in moderation and monitoring your cat’s reaction, you can safely provide this stimulating treat.
Signs of Catnip Overdose
While catnip is generally safe for cats when used appropriately, too much can lead to overdose. Some signs of catnip overdose include:
Aggressive behavior like biting or scratching – Catnip can cause excitability and agitation in some cats. Excessive catnip may lead to aggressive behaviors like attacking or scratching people or other pets (source).
Hyperactivity lasting more than a few hours – Catnip usually causes a short-lived “high” in cats, but excessive intake can lead to prolonged hyperactivity exceeding a few hours (https://www.newsweek.com/what-do-if-your-cat-has-had-too-much-catnip-1711465).
Loss of coordination or vomiting – Too much catnip can overwhelm a cat’s senses, leading to a lack of coordination or balance. It may also cause gastrointestinal distress like vomiting or diarrhea (source).
Hiding or acting anxious/fearful – Some cats may become anxious, fearful or want to hide after having too much catnip. This indicates they are overwhelmed by the catnip’s effects.
Storing Catnip
Properly storing catnip is important to preserve its freshness and potency. According to Comfort for Critters, catnip should be kept in an airtight container away from light and moisture. Plastic bags or glass jars with tight lids work well for storage. Keeping catnip in the refrigerator or freezer can also help prolong its freshness.
According to Our Repurposed Home, dried catnip should be stored in a cool, dry place out of direct sunlight. Over time, catnip can lose its aroma and stimulant properties. Look for any signs of mold, yellowing, or dried out leaves, and discard catnip past its prime. Do not give cats spoiled or expired catnip, as it may cause stomach upset.
Forms of Catnip
Catnip comes in many forms that cat owners can use to provide enjoyment and enrichment for their feline friends. Some of the main forms of catnip include:
Loose Dried Leaves – This is the most common and basic form of catnip. The dried leaves can be sprinkled on the floor, added to toys, or placed in scratching posts. Cats will roll in, eat, and rub up against the loose leaves. It provides amusement without the mess of fresh catnip. Source
Catnip-Stuffed Toys – Many cat toys come pre-stuffed with dried catnip leaves or flakes. Common catnip toys include mice, balls, tunnels, and plush animals. These provide amusement and exercise. The catnip scent is released as the cat plays with the toy. The effects last 1-2 weeks before needing to be “recharged” with more catnip. Source
Catnip Sprays – Catnip spray contains catnip oil and can be squirted directly onto toys, scratchers, beds, and surfaces. This provides a fun surprise for cats and redistributes the catnip smell. It’s easy to use and control the amount. However, the catnip scent fades quickly. Frequent re-spraying is needed.Source
Oils or Extracts – Catnip oils or extracts are extremely concentrated forms made from catnip leaves. Only a few drops are needed. While potent, oils may be too strong for some cats. It’s important to dilute extracts and monitor the cat’s reaction.
In summary, each form has pros and cons. Loose dried leaves are the simplest and most common. Stuffed toys provide entertainment. Sprays make it easy to refresh and redirect cat attention. Oils should be used cautiously to avoid overstimulating cats.
Growing Catnip
Catnip is easily grown from seed or plant. It grows best in full sun with well-drained soil. Catnip can be grown indoors or outdoors.
When growing catnip from seed, plant the seeds 1⁄4 inch deep in pots or directly in the ground after the last frost. Keep the soil moist until the seeds germinate, which usually takes 1-2 weeks. Thin young catnip plants to 12-15 inches apart.
Catnip plants prefer full sun exposure for at least 6 hours per day. Make sure the soil drains well and doesn’t get soggy. Water catnip plants regularly to keep the soil lightly moist, allowing it to dry out between waterings. Fertilize catnip monthly with a balanced liquid fertilizer or compost tea.
If growing catnip indoors, choose a spot near a sunny window. Use a pot with drainage holes and quality potting soil. Keep the soil moist but not soaked. Pinch off flower buds to encourage leaf growth. Rotate the plant frequently so it grows evenly.
Catnip is ready to harvest once the plant has reached 6-12 inches tall. Cut the stems just above leaf nodes or pull up entire plants by the roots. Hang bundles upside down to dry. Crumble the dried leaves and store in airtight containers. Freeze excess catnip for longer storage.
With proper care, homegrown catnip will provide leaves for months. Cut back plants after flowering to encourage new growth. Divide overcrowded catnip plants in spring or fall. Mulch outdoor catnip in winter for protection.
Catnip Alternatives
While catnip is safe for cats, you may want to try some alternatives to give your cat variety or for times when catnip isn’t available. There are other safe plants that can attract cats in a similar way to catnip.
Silver vine (Actinidia polygama) is a popular alternative to catnip. Native to parts of Asia, silver vine contains compounds that are similar to nepetalactone found in catnip. Many cats react to silver vine by rubbing, rolling, and showing other signs of enjoyment (source).
Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) is another herb that can induce a reaction in cats comparable to catnip. Valerian contains actinidine which is chemically similar to nepetalactone. Dried valerian root can be used in toys or on its own like catnip (source).
In addition to plant alternatives, providing interactive cat toys and playtime activities can engage your cat’s natural hunting instincts. Toys like feather wands, laser pointers, balls, and treat puzzles can provide mental stimulation and exercise when catnip is unavailable.
Kittens and Catnip
Kittens typically don’t respond to catnip until they are around 3-6 months old. Most cats won’t react to catnip until they are 6 months to 1 year of age.
Once your kitten is old enough, introduce catnip slowly and use minimal amounts. Start with a pinch of dried catnip or a small amount of catnip extract. Monitor your kitten’s reaction closely.
While catnip is safe for most kittens and cats, some may have an unusually excitable reaction. Signs to watch for include hyperactivity lasting more than a few minutes or aggressive play.
If your kitten seems overwhelmed by the catnip, remove access to it and try again in a few weeks, using even less catnip.
Cited Sources:
https://www.petmd.com/cat/general-health/what-is-catnip
https://www.smalldoorvet.com/learning-center/medical/catnip/
When to Avoid Catnip
While catnip is generally safe for most cats, there are some situations where it’s best to avoid giving your cat catnip.
If your cat has certain health conditions like thyroid disease, diabetes, or asthma, it’s a good idea to monitor their catnip usage and consider limiting it. The stimulating effects of catnip can potentially exacerbate these conditions.
It’s also recommended to avoid giving catnip to pregnant or nursing cats. The effects of catnip are not well studied in these cases, so it’s better to err on the side of caution.
Finally, you may want to skip the catnip if you have an important event coming up like a vet visit or travel. Catnip can make cats more energetic and difficult to handle. It’s best not to chance it before situations that require a calm, cooperative cat.